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1150 | 688 | El prefijo RE como elixir de exorcismo urbano. La “Recuperación” del Centro Histórico de Guadalajara, México, como contexto. | Carlos Alberto Crespo Sanchez

Restructurar, reapropiar, revalorar, rescatar son algunos de las etiquetas discursivas sobre las cuales se sustentan procesos de transformación física y social del espacio público. Estos discursos, traducidos en dispositivos, intentan restringir e imponer conductas o modos de acción, garantizan su ejecución y limitan cualquier posible resistencia (Foucault, 1970) (Deleuze, 1990) (Agamben, 2011). _x000D_
El prefijo “re” tiene al menos tres funciones, diferentes entre sí: intensificar el valor de un adverbio o un adjetivo, un ejemplo podría ser la palabra “reforzar”, acción de intensificar la fortaleza de un objeto o atributo; indicar un movimiento hacia atrás, ejemplo de ello puede ser la palabra “reacción”; e, indicar repetición, traer al presente un evento, situación, función ejecutada en el pasado y que por alguna razón ha dejado de existir, ejemplo de ello es la palabra “recuperar”. _x000D_
Asumiendo el valor que tiene el prefijo Re dentro de los procesos de transformación-imposición de atributos físicos y simbólicos en el espacio público, se presentarán los resultados de un ejercicio de análisis crítico del discurso que considera, entre otros ejes: el origen, contexto, significado, forma y acción discursiva (Van Eyck, 2005) que sustentan el actual proceso de “recuperación” del Centro Histórico de Guadalajara, México, impulsado desde el año 2015, vigente hasta la fecha. En dicho contexto de reforma espacial y social, el ejercicio investigativo intenta responder interrogantes como: ¿Cuáles son los criterios bajo los cuales se evalúa el estado vital del espacio público que justifica su reforma? ¿Qué o quienes representan el estado de deterioro, abandono y perdida que dan fundamento a la reforma? ¿Cuáles son los valores que se intentan recuperar o reforzar? ¿A quienes le pertenecen dichos valores? ¿Estos valores son reales o se imponen sustentados en la ambigüedad colectiva sobre el pasado?, ¿Quiénes se benefician y quienes padecen la reforma?, entre otras más.

Carlos Alberto Crespo Sanchez
Universidad de Guadalajara

 
ID Abstract: 688

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1171 | 424 | Caring for the park – testing a living lab approach to enable nature connectedness in order to address challenges of urban greenspace governance | Ashita Gupta; Katharine Willis

Green Infrastructure, particularly public greenspaces such as urban parks, play an important role in urban environments. Recognising the barriers to equitable access and the need for improving participation in greenspace governance in view of increasingly restricted local authority budgets and consequent challenges around greenspace provision and management, enhancing public engagement in greenspace practices and encouraging environmental stewardship can help address some of the challenges of greenspace governance (Martin et al., 2020; Mathers, Dempsey & Molin, 2015). Recent literature has referred to theories of place indicating the potential of citizen science in fostering environmentally-responsible behaviours, such as voluntary stewardship and involvement in national/local environmental policy concerns (Day et al.,2022; Haklay,2013; Toomey et al.,2020). We identify a gap in research as to whether participation in citizen science projects can enhance connections between people and place and encourage better community participation in the stewardship of parks and urban greenspaces. This research adopts a Living Lab approach to utilise the community’s local intelligence in developing digital experiments in the pilot site using a Nature Data Probe toolkit and seeks to explore its potential for enhancing nature-connectedness by revealing hidden nature. We describe an action research method working with 126 participants from a secondary school close to a large urban park in Plymouth, UK. The findings suggest a deeper awareness of the natural environment was created. Analysis of qualitative data gathered around awareness/consciousness of natural environment revealed participants were more observant of hidden nature post-intervention, with an increase in the number of participants and the specific and descriptive responses identifying nature. In summary, we discuss the implications of research outcomes as a pathway to increasing participation in greenspace governance.

Ashita Gupta; Katharine Willis
University of Plymouth

 
ID Abstract: 424

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1171 | 912 | Modeling of urban residential land price distribution by coupling hedonic model and machine learning algorithm | Peng Zhang

Modeling the fine-scale distribution of residential land prices (RLPs) is the basis for scientifically allocating land resources, managing the residential market and improving urban planning. The complex nonlinear relationship between RLPs and their determinants makes it challenging to model fine-scale RLPs. The continuous development and improvement of big data mining and machine learning methods provide new ideas for modeling RLP distribution. This paper attempts to couple the Hedonic model with machine learning algorithms to model block-level RLPs using the case of Wuhan in China. With the aid of data mining methods such as GIS spatial analysis and deep learning, urban residential land sales data and geographic big data such as urban points of interest (POI) and areas of interest (AOI), and Tencent street view images were used to map the location, neighborhood, and visual environment of urban residential land, to build a multi-level variable system for block-level RLP prediction. Then, nonlinear machine learning algorithms and ensemble learning methods were used to develop block-level RLP prediction models, and empirical study was carried out using Wuhan city as an example to test the validity and reliability of the model. Finally, based on the RLP data predicted by the machine learning regression model, the RLP at the block level in Wuhan was mapped, the contribution of several geographic variables to the RLP prediction was measured, and the nonlinear response of RLP to the change of prediction variables was analyzed. Our proposed framework provides a new approach for modeling fine-scale urban land price distribution, which is beneficial to intelligent land use planning and achieve smart city growth.

Peng Zhang
Chang’an University

 
ID Abstract: 912

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1198 | 137 | 40 años de segregación en las grandes regiones metropolitanas españolas | Miguel Rubiales Pérez

La reciente publicación de los datos del censo 2021, con todas sus limitaciones, ha puesto a disposición de las investigaciones datos detallados sobre la distribución territorial de la población en función de varias características, también aquellas que constituyen un buen indicador de clase social. _x000D_
_x000D_
Así, al contar con datos censales georeferenciados a escala detallada (secciones) de los años 1991, 2001, 2011 y 2021 estamos en disposición de hacer un recorrido de los grandes procesos sustantivos de transformación en la estructura socioterriotrial de las clases sociales para las grandes metrópolis (Barcelona y Madrid). _x000D_
_x000D_
Mediante indicadores generales de autocorrelación espacial (Moran) y locales (LISA) se procede a un análisis de los procesos de:_x000D_
1 Segregación – concentración de las desigualdades_x000D_
2 Gentrificación de los centros urbanos _x000D_
3 Gentrificación de nueva planta / seclusión de los grupos de clase alta hacia las periferias urbanas_x000D_
4 Desplazamientos de grupos sociales en cascada _x000D_
_x000D_
Estos indicadores usan test de hipótesis para señalar las zonas con valores extremos y vecinos de valores anormalmente altos o bajos. Esto es importante por un lado para reforzar la fiabilidad de datos detallados pero muestrales (censos 2011 y 2021) o con deficiencias en su obtención (1991 y 2001). Por otro lado, al señalar las zonas de valores extremos, permite hacer una comparativa visual de las zonas a lo largo del tiempo, independientemente de los cambios morfológicos o administrativos (necesario para el análisis de largos periodos con fuertes cambios de morfología urbana)._x000D_
_x000D_
Los principales resultados señalan la evolución paralela de regiones metropolitanas diferentes (también en sus políticas urbanas y sociales); el inicio y alcance de la gentrificación de los centros urbanos, superior a lo admitido en su día por los académicos que estudiaban estos temas; la creación de nuevas zonas de segregación y una dinámica general de desplazamiento social en cascada en las capitales. _x000D_
_x000D_

Miguel Rubiales Pérez
Universidad de Barcelona

 
ID Abstract: 137

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1198 | 273 | Análisis de la dinámica natural reciente en las ciudades medias de Castilla-La Mancha | Francisco Javier Jover-Martí

A mediados de la década de los 80 del pasado siglo la dinámica demográfica en España comenzó un proceso de desaceleración hasta alcanzar, en años posteriores, un crecimiento negativo. La conclusión de la transición demográfica dio como resultado una estructura demográfica sin precedentes en el conjunto del país con tendencias diferenciadas en cada una de las comunidades autónomas. El aumento de demanda de mano de obra en construcción a inicios del siglo XXI supuso la llegada de inmigración extranjera que supuso cambios en las dinámicas demográficas basadas en el aumento de los activos poblacionales y el rejuvenecimiento de las estructuras demográficas. La llegada de la crisis económica, pocos años después, propició el retorno a la tendencia de los tiempos anteriores al boom inmobiliario que se mantiene en estos días. Además, el impacto de la pandemia de la Covid-19 también ha originado una serie de transformaciones en la población cuyos resultados pueden resultar de interés. Así, en este trabajo se pretende hacer un análisis temporal de la dinámica natural reciente en las ciudades de tamaño medio de Castilla-La Mancha. El objetivo es analizar las transformaciones que se han producido en las estructuras demográficas en estos inicios del siglo XXI y valorar el papel de las crisis económica y sociosanitaria como factores de cambio en el comportamiento natural de estos entornos urbanos. Se pretende realizar una aproximación al comportamiento de la natalidad y mortalidad en ciudades que cuentan con mejores condiciones en la calidad de vida. Para eso, se procederá a la consulta de datos procedentes del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y otras fuentes oficiales para ser sometidos a una explotación estadística, así como al cálculo de distintos indicadores para conocer la composición de su población que puede contribuir a la interpretación y comprensión del fenómeno.

Francisco Javier Jover-Martí
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

 
ID Abstract: 273

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1248 | 970 | The cultural landscape of Arga Mountain: geomorphology and human occupation of the territory | Pereira, Andreia; Cunha, Lúcio

An interdisciplinary analysis of the evolution of the cultural landscape of Arga Mountain (north-western Portugal), linking geographical and historical approaches, revealed strong evidence that geomorphology has crucially conditioned the settlement and land use options throughout different historical periods. This work aims to analyse how landforms and lithological formations played a major role in the definition of locative options, settlement patterns, agrarian structure, defensive strategies, the development of communication networks and the exploitation of natural resources. Benefitting from the historical–archaeological research carried out for more than a century, it was possible to draw an accurate synthesis of the key moments and most relevant shaping processes of this cultural landscape, from the Neolithic to the present day. The combined analysis of the geomorphological map with the cartography of the archaeological remains and historical heritage revealed the correlation between the geomorphological units and the type of settlement patterns and land uses that have been specially favoured by them._x000D_
The achieved results not only highlighted the strategies adopted to take the best advantage of natural conditions in different historical periods, but also emphasised their effects on landscape-shaping. In this way, the understanding of the contribution of Geomorphology to an interdisciplinary, integrative and dynamic reading of cultural landscapes has been enhanced by this work.

Pereira, Andreia; Cunha, Lúcio
Coimbra University, Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning

 
ID Abstract: 970

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1270 | 332 | Concept, development and planning features of European university cities | Daria Shatilo

The study’ purpose is to clarify the university city’s in Europe concept, to find out what are the unique and typical European university cities features and to comprehend whether the phenomenon itself exists at all._x000D_
There is no clear scientific definition of a university city. Obviously, this is a city in which one or more universities are located, but the university or universities functions in the city (or even in the country) are different. Often state or local authorities determine the city’s status as a university. Nevertheless, the concept turns out to be fragile._x000D_
Based on the plans, maps and available information study, three spatial and planning structure university cities types have been identified:_x000D_
•Monocentric_x000D_
•Polycentric_x000D_
•Mosaic_x000D_
The study of university cities examples showed that each city is unique, and it is problematic to identify common features, except for the one or several universities location on their territory._x000D_
A painstaking city plans study has revealed few common properties. Old campuses are typical of historic centers. If there is a university building in city, then it serves as a dominant and is surrounded by other university facilities. They are being completed, reconstructed, and with distance from the center, the old buildings are usually replaced by modern ones. University zones often expand towards the outskirts, into vacant territories, but at different times and in different architectural styles._x000D_
University is distinguished from other functional cities types in urban planning terms only by the very existence of a university. After all, the abundance of old buildings, beautiful silhouettes, greenery are not rare and attract people not only here. Attention to the city’ appearance and image, to the environment state is characteristics of many post-industrial cities._x000D_

Daria Shatilo
Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences (INION RAN)

 
ID Abstract: 332

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1270 | 398 | Actors and Strategies of Small Town Centers´ Revitalization: A Case Study from the Czech Republic | David Klika; Jiří Ježek

Discussions on the revitalization of urban centers date back to the 1960s, especially of Western European and American cities. In the Czech Republic, their decline began to manifest itself in the 1970s and 1980s. Urban centers began to age and there was a concentration of socially marginalized groups of inhabitants. Then, economic and social transformation in the early 1990s radically transformed them. Restitution, privatization, and the introduction of a market mechanism have had far-reaching effects on the physical, functional, and social structures of towns. The questionnaire survey of municipality representatives showed that almost 60% of small towns (3-20 thousand inhabitants) underwent a process of significant revitalization of the town center in the post-1989 period._x000D_
Municipality representatives percieve themselves as the main actor of revitalization. Most also consider the national and European grant and support programs to be the actor, without which funding for revitalization measures would be unthinkable. More than 80% of small towns evaluate the results of revitalization positively with key factors of a clear and agreeable vision, and political will and support by the town management. Other important factors are the effective use of spatial planning and construction legal instruments, and the importance of property ownership, through which municipalities can influence urban development._x000D_
Research has shown that there is no guaranteed approach or model for revitalization, with the activities of Czech towns moving in different directions, corresponding to the local framework. However, most towns see the focus of revitalization measures in improving the quality of public spaces, and organization of cultural and social events. The current attention has mostly been focused on physical (hardware) revitalization, while the revitalization of quality of life, shopping opportunities, and free time activities (software) has not yet been given due attention.

David Klika; Jiří Ježek
University of West Bohemia

 
ID Abstract: 398

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1270 | 546 | Trees, Urban Forest and Nature-based Solutions within cities: the case-study of Turin (Italy) | Luca Battisti 1,*, Egidio Dansero 1, Giovanni Giacco 2, Massimiliano Moraca 3

Trees have been silent partners in human life for millennia, and their presence and use have marked important historical milestones. In recent decades attention to the tree component and urban forestry (UF) in cities has been growing, both at the research and policy level. A recent change in the perception and consideration of trees at the urban level is related to the theme of Nature-based Solutions (NbS), which can provide several ecosystem services, also mitigating the impacts of climate change and urban heat island effects. Tree species and UF are often important components of such solutions, promoted by policies related to urban development, especially at the European level. Among the numerous European projects on this topic, this proposal focuses on the ‘Productive Green Infrastructure for Post-Industrial Urban Regeneration’ (proGIreg) project aimed at the implementation of NbS in post-industrial urban contexts. Of particular interest is the UF as NbS, due to the multiple benefits it brings. Among the various objectives of the project, the identification of areas in the city of Turin (Italy) that could host UF as NbS in order to reduce unequal distribution of (access to) urban green spaces is needed. The research proposes a review and subsequent application of the 3-30-300 rule (supported by IUCN), which is having a strong impact on UF planning and allows for the identification of areas where intervention could be a priority. The preliminary results are intended to recommend to municipal managers in which areas of the city to rewrite a greener future.

Luca Battisti 1,*, Egidio Dansero 1, Giovanni Giacco 2, Massimiliano Moraca 3
1 Department of Cultures, Politics and Society, University of Turin, 10153 Torino, Italy; 2 Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (DIETI), University of Naples Federico II, Via Claudio 21, 80125 Naples, Italy; 3 Massimiliano Moraca, GIS Specialist freelance, Naples, Italy

 
ID Abstract: 546

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1171 | 241 | Urban Growth Boundaries Optimization Under Low-Carbon Development: Combining Multi-Objective Programming and Patch Cellular Automata Models | Jingye Li 1, Jean-Michel Guldmann 2*, Jian Gong 3, Hao Su 4

Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs) are a tool to control urban sprawl. However, the way to optimize future urban land uses and fix their boundaries is not clear. This paper presents a new framework to delimit UGBs while accounting for ecological, economic, and carbon storage benefits. Aggregate land-use constraints are included in a multi-objective optimization algorithm to capture non-inferior solutions on the Pareto Surface (PS) under different objective scenarios. A patch-level cellular automata simulation model is then used to spatially allocate these land uses, followed by a new two-step adjustment method to delineate the UGBs. This modeling is applied to Wuhan, China. The results show that: (1) One district (Caidian) will have a strong economic growth under low-carbon development. (2) The maximization of carbon storage reduces losses in ecological benefits, suggesting that carbon storage be considered in urban growth planning. (3) The combined model framework and two-step boundary adjustment method can help urban planners define different UGB scenarios and make science-based policy decisions.

Jingye Li 1, Jean-Michel Guldmann 2*, Jian Gong 3, Hao Su 4
1 Department of Land Resource Management, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China; 2 Department of City and Regional Planning, The Ohio State University; 3 Department of Land Resource Management, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China; 4 Department of Land Management, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China

 
ID Abstract: 241

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