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1150 | 720 | ¿Es inevitable el conflicto en la creación de nuevos espacios públicos? Experiencia de Fredrikstad, Noruega. | Tom Rye, Anders Tonnesen

La transformación del (escaso) espacio urbano de las calles a espacio para vehículos privados a espacios públicos como plazas, aceras más grandes y nuevos parques no es de ninguna manera una acción de valor neutral. Al contrario, durante el proceso pueden surgir muchos conflictos entre los diferentes intereses involucrados (Gösling, 2021; Pettersson.et al., 2021; Remme et al., 2022). Estos son conflictos entre espacios para la movilidad y espacios para estar, que pueden contribuir a crear o mantener barrios vibrantes, para la adaptación climática, y la necesidad de espacios verdes (Balikçi, 2021). Sin embargo, este articulo considera si dicho conflicto es inevitable o si se pueden formar coaliciones de apoyo para aquellos cambios en una ciudad de modo que el conflicto se desaparezca antes de que tenga la oportunidad de desarrollarse._x000D_
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El enfoque empírico del artículo es una ciudad de tamaño medio, Fredrikstad, en el sur de Noruega. Como parte del proyecto TRANSPOL, sobre las actitudes de los políticos hacia las protestas y la participación pública en la implantación de medidas de transporte controvertidas (incluida la transformación del espacio vial), se llevaron a cabo en la ciudad unas 15 entrevistas con planificadores, políticos, opositores y otros actores interesados. Las entrevistas trataron del proceso de conversión de aparcamiento en 3 plazas en el centro de la ciudad a nuevos espacios públicos, durante el período 2000 a 2019. La investigación demuestra que y como en este caso se construyeron coaliciones que desde el principio hicieron que la protesta contra estas transformaciones fuera fragmentada y bastante ineficaz. Sin embargo, la investigación también plantea preguntas sobre los miembros de estas coaliciones (y personas o grupos excluidos); las condiciones requeridas para su formación; y por cuánto tiempo el consenso sobre la transformación del espacio de la calle en Fredrikstad puede seguir siendo relativamente indiscutible._x000D_

Tom Rye, Anders Tonnesen
Molde University College and CICERO Oslo, Norway.

 
ID Abstract: 720

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1150 | 756 | Espacios públicos informales como Laboratorio de urbanidad y cosmopolitismo urbano. El caso del “mercato Cuore” en Cagliari (Cerdeña, Italia) | Gianluca Gaias

La contribución tiene por objeto analizar la evolución de una zona marginal de la Ciudad Metropolitana de Cagliari, en Cerdeña, en el barrio popular de Sant’Elia._x000D_
Mediante el uso de metodologías orientadas a la acción, como encuestas urbanas y entrevistas y actividad de campo de larga duración, se intentó arrojar luz sobre la experiencia urbana del nuevo “Mercato Cuore”, fundado tras la prohibición, durante la pandemia de Covid-19, de algunos espacios públicos a carácter comercial considerados marginales._x000D_
Teniendo en cuenta los lugares ocupados, las modalidades y temporalidades de uso, las nuevas territorialidades emergentes y los actores implicados, el establecimiento del nuevo mercado – y el abandono de los antiguos espacios – se relaciona al tema de la regeneración de zonas periféricas o marginales._x000D_
Al mismo tiempo espacio “institucionalizado” y “informal”, el espacio público del nuevo mercado es vivido por singularidades que comparten una condición social más que aspectos estrictamente espaciales. Este doble sentido se hace aún más evidente cuando el espacio que ocupan los mercados se configura como “conflictual” por quienes lo habitan y por las formas de poder que actúan en él._x000D_
En una perspectiva en la que se cruzan temas como las desigualdades, el cosmopolitismo urbano y la renovación de lugares de carácter marginal, la contribución se inscribe en el debate sobre la redefinición del espacio público como espacio relevante en los procesos de transformación urbana, donde prácticas y procesos de reapropiación y resignificación territorial entre formal y informal, pueden contribuir a la creación de espacios creativos de interés social, intercultural y relacional._x000D_

Gianluca Gaias
Università degli studi di Cagliari

 
ID Abstract: 756

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1150 | 649 | Cartografías cotidianas del Pla Superilla Barcelona. La interacción entre la morfología y la vida urbana del espacio público | María Gabriela Navas Perrone

Se presenta el enfoque teórico y metodológico de mi proyecto de investigación postdoctoral orientado a analizar la interacción entre la dimensión social y morfológica de las infraestructuras de movilidad, tomando como caso de estudio las zonas rediseñadas por el Pla Superilla Barcelona, al ser considerado como referente de buenas prácticas urbanísticas a nivel internacional. El estudio busca identificar los desplazamientos cotidianos y analizar la configuración de la red de aceras, para evidenciar sus niveles de accesibilidad y las maneras en que la ciudadanía está usando los espacios públicos recientemente rediseñados. Se propone una metodología interdisciplinar basada en la complementariedad de la etnografía –escucha de testimonios y observación de desplazamientos cotidianos–, y la estimación computacional -mediciones sobre la conectividad de la red de aceras- para estudiar las infraestructuras de movilidad. Los resultados serán sistematizados en representaciones cartográficas que visibilizarán las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas determinantes de la configuración física y simbólica de la red de aceras de Barcelona. Se tomará como punto de partida la estimación computacional de flujos peatonales para complementar este estudio cuantitativo con una perspectiva cualitativa que pone en valor las dinámicas cotidianas de movilidad. Esta metodología interdisciplinar es innovadora para el ámbito científico y su impacto social, no solo porque combina todo el potencial de los estudios urbanos y la ciencia urbana, sino que su aplicación es una apuesta por desarrollar y testar una nueva forma de analizar la ciudad. El énfasis en lo cotidiano responde a una perspectiva de género e interseccional que estructurará todas las fases del desarrollo del proyecto. Los resultados del estudio aportarán evidencias para inspirar políticas urbanas interesadas en monitorizar los impactos sociales de los planes de reforma del espacio público.

María Gabriela Navas Perrone
University of Barcelona

 
ID Abstract: 649

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1162 | 815 | Housing Price Patterns in Suburban Areas of Two Post-socialist Cities: a Comparative Analysis | Oliver-Valentin Dinter; Lucian Roșu; Corneliu Iațu

The transition from planned to liberal economy led to the reconfiguration of the urban system of former socialist states as attractive cities have recorded flows of immigrants, leading to suburbanization. Little attention was provided to second tier cities, even though these confront the same phenomenon as capital cities. As large portions of land were returned to previous owners, built-up areas have increased and extended over the cities’ borders, creating chaotic and vulnerable suburbs that triggered conflicts due to the loose planning regulations. _x000D_
Price of households is an indicator often used to evaluate the advantages and downsides of areas. As housing prices are a sum of structural and locational attributes, this paper proposes to compute a comparative analysis of their patterns across the suburban space of Iași (Romania) and Lublin (Poland) to reveal spatial inequalities of two cities of similar population. As suburbanization was driven by different factors across the post-socialist states, this process takes several forms depending on the local and national context. Considering explanatory variables as distance to nearest commercial, transportation and education facilities or to city center, as well as the surface area, number of rooms, year of construction of residential buildings etc., an estimated price per square meter will be computed for each apartment using a Geographically Weighted Regression. The estimated price will be compared with the one observed on housing sales websites in order to determine the patterns of residuals for each study case study. A comparison will determine the importance of housing price factors for each suburban area to observe how they influence the patterns in these two cities. Comparisons between price differences in areas of similar population density or land use fragmentation will reveal the inequalities and similarities of post-socialist suburbanization which will help in policy development designed for problematic zones

Oliver-Valentin Dinter; Lucian Roșu; Corneliu Iațu
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași

 
ID Abstract: 815

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1150 | 696 | Caminos y entornos escolares saludables. Transformaciones urbanas en espacios públicos | Grisabella Iñiguez Ayon

Esta comunicación presenta la metodología y resultados previos del proyecto investigación de doctorado que tiene como objetivos diseñar criterios, estrategias y herramientas de transformación de los espacios públicos de entornos escolares para transformarlos en espacios saludables, seguros, sustentables y equitativos generando procesos de transformación aplicables en diferentes entornos escolares y valorizar importancia de la participación de la infancia con perspectiva de género como herramienta de acción para la toma decisiones en las intervenciones físicas y simbólicas en los caminos y entornos escolares basándose en las necesidades de usuarios y usuarias. La investigación se desarrolla en torno a 2 escuelas primarias públicas en Culiacán, México, donde el diseño de la ciudad ha priorizado al uso del automóvil. En la investigación se analizará el impacto que tienen las características físicas e imaginarias del entorno escolar utilizando la investigación de acción participativa a través de la colaboración de niños y niñas para la caracterización del espacio público alrededor de la escuela. Primeramente, se conocieron las problemáticas del entorno escolar y las de diferentes formas de movilidad del camino de la casa a la escuela a través fotografías tomadas por niños y niñas de los espacios que perciben peligrosos, mapas de miedo divididos por género para conocer las diferentes perspectivas de los espacios entre niños y niñas. Después, se realizó el diseño de transformación de entornos escolares donde niños y niñas asumieron los papeles principales de usuarios/usuarias y diseñadores/diseñadores con maquetas. Para finalizar niños y niñas pudieron transitar a través de los espacios que ellos transformaron a través de la realidad virtual. Los entornos y caminos escolares son los espacios donde niños y niñas hacen su primera aproximación a la ciudad, por lo tanto, merece especial cuidado para garantizar su salud y seguridad.

Grisabella Iñiguez Ayon
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona

 
ID Abstract: 696

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1201 | 322 | Institutional innovation and opportunities in frontier areas – The Transiberism of the thinker Eduardo Lourenço and the creation of the Centre for Iberian Studies (Guarda), between Portugal and Spain | Tiago Mesquita; João Luís Fernandes

The Portuguese-Spanish land border is a region with a long past of marginality and low densities relatively to the main poles of the two Iberian countries._x000D_
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The integration of Portugal and Spain into the EEC (now the EU) opened up new possibilities for cooperation. In this context, there have been many projects and lines of investment that aim to make the border a region of effective cooperation with positive effects on a local scale._x000D_
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As it is believed that institutions can be important in this strategy, it is intended to evaluate the impact of the Center for Iberian Studies (CEI) in the border territory, especially in the city of Guarda (Portugal)._x000D_
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Materializing the idea of the Portuguese writer and thinker Eduardo Lourenço regarding an Iberian communion of values for a common development strategy, CEI was born from a protocol between the Municipality of Guarda and the Universities of Coimbra and Salamanca. Founded in 2000, it is a multi-territorial institution anchored in the links between two of the oldest universities in Europe._x000D_
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In this perspective, innovation is understood as an enhancement of local resources, but also as a process of creating institutions that, in the respective territories of influence (in this case, on a cross-border scale), streamline networks of economic, social, political and institutional._x000D_
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Using methodologies such as direct observation, interviews and the collection of quantitative and qualitative data, it is intended to reflect to what extent this institutional innovation fulfilled Eduardo Lourenço’s ideas and opened up to cross-border local communities, promoting their empowerment or if, on the contrary, it reproduces a walled institutional model, self-centred and distant from local realities. Basically, the intention is to analyse to what extent the CEI can leave a positive trail and be a driving force in this cross-border region._x000D_

Tiago Mesquita; João Luís Fernandes
Department of Geography and Tourism, University of Coimbra

 
ID Abstract: 322

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1189 | 402 | Exploring the usage of shared e-scooters and their impacts in Australia and Germany | Bhagya Shrithi Grandhi

Shared e-scooters have become a popular means of transportation in urban centers and are now available in many cities worldwide. Accordingly, research on micromobility focusing on the use of shared e-scooters has increased in the past few years. Still, they mainly look into the data from specific cities and have focused on factors influencing the demand for such services. Usage patterns are however context-based and can vary from city to city. Therefore, in this study, we explore and compare usage patterns concerning the availability of other public transport, land use, and infrastructural attributes for two cities, Brisbane in Australia and Hanover in Germany. For that, data on trips, OSM, and census were used for a period of 4 months, from September 2022 to December 2022. The preliminary findings suggest that most trips in Brisbane and Hanover happen in residential and commercial land use types. In addition, most trips in Brisbane are during the night as opposed to trips in Hanover, which take place during the day. This study aims to present empirical evidence on the impact of shared e-scooters based on public transport, land use, and demographics to further provide recommendations for context-based designing of such services.

Bhagya Shrithi Grandhi
Technical University Braunschweig

 
ID Abstract: 402

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1189 | 421 | Who is responsible for the introduction of E-scooters in Japan? Exploring the individual perspective of government employees and reputation from the public | Rie Goto, Ayako Taniguchi and Keiichi Hizaki

Interview survey was conducted with nine employees of seven Japanese governmental and public organizations related to the introduction of E-scooters, asking their perspectives on the introductions, to identify the current status and issues of the policies regarding E-scooters which are expanding in Japan, and to assist the next policy decisions in Japan and abroad._x000D_
As results, while the organizations responsible for traffic safety indicated the progress of their studies and perspectives, there was no organization responsible for studying such as impact for public and environment in the city area, and they are just standing by. One of the reasons could be that Japanese government operates under a strong ‘division of responsibilities’ and the scope of enforcement of each authority is restricted, leading to undefined responsibilities for new transportation devices such as E-scooters, which are unclearly specified._x000D_
As for their main perspectives, 4 participants stated that ” Police control is most important because traffic accidents and violations will increase due to growth of number of users” and indicated dependent on the police. They unconcerned the necessity of preventive measures. 5 participants stated, ‘the methods of experimentation and verification of E-scooters in Japan are biased in evaluation by the e-scooter users’. _x000D_
Additionally, a questionnaire conducted among public who had experienced seeing or using E-scooter in Tokyo showed that major determinants of attitudes were using intention, trust in government and operators, fearfulness, unawareness, and environmental benefits, suggesting that lack of study for the urban policy by government might have caused attitudes of public._x000D_
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Rie Goto, Ayako Taniguchi and Keiichi Hizaki
Department of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba

 
ID Abstract: 421

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1189 | 644 | Socio-economic assessment of shared e-scooters: the case of Lisbon, Portugal | Rosa Félix, Mauricio Orozco-Fontalvo, Filipe Moura

Shared e-scooters are a trending mobility service and are usually advertised as a sustainable transport mode that could improve urban transport. However, there are concerns regarding their overall impacts, but to date few to no studies have been able to quantify them. This research conducts a socio-economic assessment of shared e-scooters, considering three dimensions: environmental (emissions and pollutants), social (physical activity, road safety, and pollution exposure), and economic (vehicle operating costs and time savings). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess the socioeconomic impacts of shared e-scooters._x000D_
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To conduct the assessment, we used a database with 1.4 million trips made in 2019 from an e-scooter operator in Lisbon, as well as an user survey on travel patterns with a sample size of 919 responses. Results show that for the case study, shared e-scooters do generate environmental and economic benefits, but they do not outweigh the costs related to their safety issues, which go to almost €6 million in annual costs._x000D_
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These findings serve as a foundation for policymakers and other stakeholders to make evidence-based decisions regarding e-scooters and micromobility policies. In order to address the (current) key shortcoming, which we demonstrated to be the safety component. We believe that operators should improve the vehicles’ maneuverability, promote educational campaigns to discourage reckless driving, cities should increase enforcement and provide safe infrastructure in order to reduce the externalities, and hence, be able to enjoy their benefits.

Rosa Félix, Mauricio Orozco-Fontalvo, Filipe Moura
CERIS, Instituto Superior Técnico – Universidade de Lisboa

 
ID Abstract: 644

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1257 | 850 | Public transport-oriented urban planning: a Franco-Czech perspective through a dual qualitative and quantitative methodological approach. | Richard Zelezny

This article deals with the field of public transport-oriented urban planning and focuses on the elements of spatial arrangement, whose integration into urban design within the zone around the public transport station is likely to have a positive impact on the modal choice in favour of the latter. Emphasis is given to the dimension dealing with the layout of the pedestrian paths (walkability) giving access to the stations, less supported in the existing works on this topic._x000D_
The work consists in exposing an original method of analysis of the “degree of integration with the principles of public transport-oriented urban planning” in the urban design of an existing or planned urban environment. This method, developed on the basis of criteria previously established for this purpose, is based on spatial diagnostic approaches, including in particular in situ surveys. It is divided into two approaches, qualitative and quantitative, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. The first allows to apprehend a larger sample of fields, to then lead to a comparative synthesis, but through an exclusively qualitative observation of the fields of study. The other deals with only two pilot fields in favour of quantitative observation, with recourse to GIS and most of the data being newly identified and created, which makes it possible to obtain a more formalized and more objective assessment and which leads to mapped results._x000D_
The approach is tested in two different cultural contexts – in the Czech Republic and in France. Indeed, the role of urban transport in these two countries has undergone a contrasting evolution over time, which reveals different forms of coordination between transport and urban planning. Detailed analyses are then carried out in several medium-sized towns (Liberec, Brno, Orléans, Grenoble, Montpellier) and their collective housing neighbourhoods.

Richard Zelezny
Lecturer & Researcher in Urban Planning and Design, CYU Cergy-Paris University

 
ID Abstract: 850

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